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The menstrual cycle is a recurring series of changes that happens each month in the ovaries and the lining of the uterus (or womb). It prepares for a possible pregnancy. Each month one ovary releases an egg and the lining of the uterus thickens up to create a 'nest' that can help support a baby if fertilised. If the pregnancy does not occur, the lining of the uterus is shed from the body in a bloody flow called menstruation or a period.

Every woman's menstrual cycle is different. It can last up to 35 days or longer. It starts when a girl begins her first period and ends with the onset of menopause (or permanent cessation of periods).

On average, a young woman in the U.S. gets her first period at age 12, which is 2 - 3 years after she begins to develop breasts and pubic hair. Some girls start to menstruate earlier than this.

Each month, there's a complex interaction between the pituitary gland in the brain, the ovaries and the uterus (or womb). The pituitary gland releases hormones called luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. These hormones promote the growth of a mature egg and prepare the uterus and breasts for a possible pregnancy by increasing levels of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone.

On day 14 of the menstrual cycle, an egg is released from one of the ovaries. The uterus (or womb) lining is ready to help a baby grow, but if fertilization does not occur, the lining will be shed from the body in a bloody stream. The blood is partly blood and partly a sticky tissue from the uterus and it passes out of the body through the vagina.